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¹ Concerning the year of Bonaventure's birth, cf. below, p. 31.

² S. Bonaventurae opera omnia, edita studio et cura pp. Collegii a S. Bonaventura (Florentina, ad Claras Aquas, Quaracchi: 1882-1902), X volumina. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to Bonaventure's works will be to this critical edition, with the volume references given in parentheses. Cf. Itin. (V, 295-313); Hexaem. (V, 329-449).

³ Comm. Eccl. (VI, 3-103); Comm. Jn. (VI, 239-530); Comm. Lc. (VII, 1-604); Comm. Sp. (VI, 107-233); /, II, III, IV Sent. (I-IV); M. Trin. (V, 45-115); Sc. Chr. (V, 3-43); Perf. ev. (V, 117-198); Brevil. (V, 201-291).

⁴ Cf. n. 2, above. For a recent re-evaluation of the critical edition, cf. Ignatius Brady, "The Opera Omnia of Saint Bonaventure Revisited," in Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 48 (1974), 295-304.

⁵ Cf. Etienne Gilson's treatment of this issue in his The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure, trans. Dom Illtyd Trethowan and Frank J. Sheed (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1965), pp. 3, 451, n. 7; cf. also Brady, op cit., 296-297; cf. Leo XIII's approval of the scholia as showing the harmony of doctrine between Thomas and Bonaventure in his letter of Dec. 13, 1885 to the Franciscan Minister General published in Vol. III of the Quaracchi edition (III, i-ii).

⁶ Etienne Gilson, La philosophic de Saint Bonaventure (Paris: Vrin, 1924); for English translation, cf. n. 5, above.

⁷ Ibid., p. 472; English translation by Frank J. Sheed, op. cit., p. 448.

⁸ My chief articles dealing with the coincidentia oppositorum in Bonaventure's thought are the following: "La 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' dans la theologie de Bonaventure," in Actes du Colloque Saint Bonaventure, 9-12 septembre 1968, Orsay, in Etudes franciscaines, 18 (Supplement annuel, 1968), 15-31; English version printed in The Cord, 20 (1970), 260-269, 307-314; "The Coincidence of Opposites in the Christology of Saint Bonaventure," Franciscan Studies, 28 (1968), 27-45; "Mandala Symbolism in the Theology of Bonaventure," University of Toronto Quarterly, 40(1971), 185-201; "Bonaventure and Contemporary Thought," The Cord, 25(1975), 68-78; the contents of these articles have been incorporated into the present book.

⁹ Jacques Guy Bougerol, Introduction to the Works of Bonaventure, trans. Jose de Vinck (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1964); in addition to the references in n. 34 to Chapter Two, p. 294, below, cf. especially "St. Bonaventure et saint Bernard," Antonianum, 46(1971), 3-79; "S. Bonaventure et Guillaume de Saint-Thierry," Antonianum, 46(1971), 298-321; "S. Bonaventure et saint Anselme," Antonianum, 47(1972), 333-361.

¹⁰ Ignatius Brady, op. cit.; cf. also "The Writings of Saint Bonaventure Regarding the Franciscan Order," in Atti del Congresso Internationale per il VII Centenario di San Bonaventura da Bagnoregio, Roma, 19-26 settembre 1974, Vol. I, ed. A. Pompei (Roma: Pontificia Facolta Teologica "San Bonaventura," 1976), 89-112.

¹¹ Joseph Ratzinger, The Theology of History in St. Bonaventure, trans. Zachary Hayes (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1971).

¹² John Quinn, The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1973).

¹³ Hexaem., I, n. 12-17 (V, 331-332).

¹⁴ Zachary Hayes, "Christology and Metaphysics in the Thought of Saint Bonaventure," paper delivered at the University of Chicago, November 20, 1974. For other works of Hayes, cf. The General Doctrine of Creation in the Thirteenth Century with Special Emphasis on Matthew of Aquasparta (Munich: Schoningh, 1964); What Manner of Man? Sermons on Christ by St. Bonaventure, translation with introduction and commentary (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1974); "Toward a Philosophy of Education in the Spirit of St. Bonaventure" and "Revelation in Christ," in Proceedings of the Seventh Centenary Celebration of the Death of Saint Bonaventure (St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: St. Bonaventure University, 1975), pp. 9-27, 29-43.

¹⁵ Itin., с. б, n. 2 (V, 310-311); Hexaem., I (V, 329-335).

¹⁶ Itin., с. б, n. 2 (V, 310-311); cf. below, pp. 101-107.

¹⁷ Cf. Bonaventure's treatment of knowledge of God's existence and the Trinity in M. Trin., q. 1, a. 1-2 (V, 45-58).

¹⁸ Cf. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, q. 1.

¹⁹ Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology, Vol. I (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951), 59-66; Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), esp. pp. 291-299.

²⁰ Cf. Anselm, Epistola de incarnatione Verbi, с 4; Monologion, prol.; Cur Deus Homo, praef.; Richard of St. Victor, De Trinitate, I, c. 3-5. On the method of seeking rationes necessariae in Richard of St. Victor, cf. my article, "A Theology of Interpersonal Relations," Thought, 45 (1970), 61-65. On this method in Bonaventure, cf. Alejandro de Villalmonte, "El argumento de razones necesarios en San Buenaventura," Estudios franciscanos, 53(1952), 5-44.

²¹ Cf. The Great Conversation: The Substance of a Liberal Education. Vol. I of Great Books of the Western World, ed. by Robert Maynard Hutchins (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1952); cf. also Mortimer J. Alder, "Preface" to The Great Ideas: A Syntopicon of Great Books of the Western World, Vol. II of Great Books of the Western World, xi-xxxi.

²² Cf. below, pp. 238-255.

²³ Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1958), pp. 240 ff., 417-23; cf. also Eliade, Mephistopheles and the Androgyne, trans. John Cohen (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1965), pp. 108-24; cf. also Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness, trans. R.F.C. Hull (New York: Pantheon, 1954), pp. 8-10.

²⁴ Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, pp. 417-23.

²⁵ Arthur Waley, The Way and Its Power: A Study of the Tao Те Ching and Its Place in Chinese Thought (London: Allen and Unwin, 1934).

²⁶ Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 3 vols., ed. W. Kranz (Berlin: Weidmann, 1960-61); cf. John Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy (London: Adam and Black, 1930).

²⁷ Heraclitus, Fr. 67.

²⁸ Nicholas of Cusa, De docta ignorantia, in Nicolai de Cusa opera omnia ed. Ernst Hoffmann and Raymond Klibansky (Leipzig: Meiner, 1932). Ernst Hoffmann makes the following observation: "Nicholas himself regarded this principle as his most important discovery, and he was convinced that this principle would enable him have a fresh look at the history of philosophy and to reform fundamentally the philosophy of his own time." Ernst Hoffman, in introduction to Uber den Beryll (Leipzig: Meiner, 1938), p. 1. Cf. also Joseph Stallmach, "Zusammenfall der Gegensatze: Das Prinzip der Dialektik bei Nikolaus von Kues," Mitteilungen und Forschungsbeitrage der Cusanus-Gesellschaft, I (Mainz, 1961), 55 ff.

²⁹ G. W. F. Hegel, The Phenomenology of Mind, trans. J. B. Bailie (London: Allen and Unwin, 1931); Science of Logic, trans. W. H. Johnston and L. G. Struthers (2nd ed.: London: Allen and Unwin, 1951). Cf. Karl Marx in The Marx-Engels Reader, ed. Robert С Tucker (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972).

³⁰ Cf. Jolande Jacobi, The Psychology of C. G. Jung, trans. Ralph Manheim (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951), pp. 12 ff., pp. 186-87. Cf. Jung's extensive study of the union of opposites in Alchemy: C. G. Jung, Mysterium Coniunctionis, Vol. XIV of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung, trans. R.F.C. Hull (New York: Pantheon, 1963).

³¹ Thomas Altizer, "The Sacred and the Profane: A Dialectical Understanding of Christianity," in Radical Theology and the Death of God, by Thomas Altizer and William Hamilton (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966), pp. 140-55. Cf. also Altizer, Mircea Eliade and the Dialectic of the Sacred (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963).

³² Itin., с 6, n. 5 (V, 311); English translation from Works of Saint Bonaventure, Vol. II Saint Bonaventure's 'Itinerarium Mentis in Deum', trans. Philotheus Boehner (Saint Bonaventure, N.Y.: The Franciscan Institute, 1956), p. 93; Throughout, translations of the Itinerarium will be taken from this translation by Boehner, with slight changes in capitalization and punctuation. Unless otherwise noted, the other English translations will be my own.

³³ Itin., с 6, n. 7 (V, 213); Boehner, 95; Apoc. 1:8, 5:1; Ezk. 2:9.

³⁴ Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, p. 29.

³⁵ In approaching this question through the concept of model, we are following a trend in various fields at the present time, e.g., the physical and social sciences and theology. Cf. Max Black, Models and Metaphysics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1962); В. Н. Kazemier and D. Vuysje (ed.), The Concept and the Role of the Model in Mathematics and Natural and Social Sciences (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel, 1961); Ian Ramsey, Models and Mystery (London: Oxford University Press, 1964); cf. also my article, "Models and the Future of Theology," Continuum, 7 (1969), 78-92.

³⁶ In accepting Eliade's general observations, I do not wish to imply that I will study Bonaventure according to Eliade's specific interpretation of the coincidence of opposites. There is reason to think that Bonaventure sees more of an interpenetration of opposites than is reflected at least in much of Eliade's study. Cf. Roberts Avens, "Mircea Eliade's Conception of the Polarity 'Sacred-Profane' in Archaic Religions and in Christianity," unpublished doctoral dissertation (Ford- ham University, 1971).

³⁷ Cf. Sankara's commentary in The Vedanta-Sutras, with the Commentary by Sankaracarya, trans. George Thibaut, Vol. XXXIV and XXXVIII of Sacred Books of the East, ed. Max Muller (London: Oxford University Press, 1904).

³⁸ Cf. Parmenides in G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven, The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of Texts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), pp. 263-285.

³⁹ Cf. Leucippus and Democritus, ibid., pp. 400-426.

⁴⁰ Cf. the Gnostic and Manichaean texts in Robert Haardt, Gnosis: Character and Testimony, translated into English by J. F. Hendry (Leiden: Brill, 1971).

⁴¹ Cf. Arthur J. Arberry, The Koran Interpreted (New York: Macmillan, 1955).

⁴² Jean Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, Vol. XX and XXI of The Library of Christian Classics (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960). S0ren Kierkegaard, Philosophical Fragments, trans. David F. Swenson (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1936); Fear and Trembling, trans. Walter Lourie (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941); The Concept of Dread, trans. Walter Lourie (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1944). Karl Barth, The Epistle to the Romans, trans. Edwyn C. Hoskyns (London: Oxford University Press, 1953).

⁴³ Cf. n. 25, above.

⁴⁴ Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Ronald Gregor Smith (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937).

⁴⁵ Teilhard de Chardin, op. cit., pp. 260-268.

⁴⁶ Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, q. 1; II-II, q. 1-16.

⁴⁷ Cf. Martin Luther, Lectures on Galatians, trans. Jaroslav Pelican and Richard Jungkuntz, Vol. XXVI and XXVII of Luther's Works, edited by Jaroslav Pelican and Walter A. Hansen (St. Louis: Concordia, 1963-1964).

⁴⁸ On the history of Bagnoregio, cf. Francisco Macchioni, Storia di Bagnoregio dai tempi antichi al 1503 (Viterbo: Agnesotti, 1956), cf. also Francesco Petrangeli Papini, Civita di Bagnoregio (Viterbo: Agnesotti, 1970) and Bagnoregio: cronologia storica (Viterbo: Agnesotti, 1972); on Bonaventure in relation to Bagnoregio, cf. Francesco Petrangeli Papini, S. Bonaventura da Bagnoregio (Vitebo: Agnescotti, 1962), esp. pp. 17-65; on the geological structure of Bagnoregio and its environs, cf. Giulio Schmiedt, "Visione aerea del territorio di Bagnoregio dalla antichita ai tempi di S. Bonaventura," Doctor Seraphicus: Bolletino d'Informazioni del Centro di Studi Bonaventuriani, Bagnoregio, 16(1969), 41-63.

⁴⁹ Cf. Francesco Petrangeli Papini, "Un evento e una data fatali per Civita; il disastroso terremoto del 1695; il trasferimento della Cattedrale e dell'Episcopio a Rota; inizio dell'agonia di Civita," Doctor Seraphicus: Bolletino d'Informazioni del Centro di Studi Bonaventuriani, Bagnoregio, 16(1969), 31-39.

⁵⁰ The medieval Cathedral of S. Donato, situated in what is called the Civita, was built no later than the eighth century and renovated and enlarged in the eleventh century and again modified in 1511: cf. Papini, Civita di Bagnoregio, p. 78. On Bonaventure's home, cf. ibid., p. 151, number 24; also Papini, S. Bonaventura di Bagnoregio, p. 36, number 24; and p. 44.

⁵¹ For photographs of this striking view, cf. Macchioni, op. cit., front cover; and Papini, S. Bonaventura di Bagnoregio, p. 19; Civita di Bagnoregio, pp. 7, 29.

⁵² Cf. below, pp. 172-197.

⁵³ Giuseppe Abate, "Per la storia e la cronologia di S. Bonaventura, O. Min.," Miscellanea francescana, 49(1949), 534-568; 50(1950), 97-130; for dating Bonaventure's works and the major events of his life, I am indebted to the recent research of Jacques Guy Bougerol, John Quinn, and Ignatius Brady: cf. the chronology in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, ed. Jacques Guy Bougerol, Vol. II (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1973), 11-16; John F. Quinn, "Chronology of St. Bonaventure (1217-1257)," Franciscan Studies, 32(1972), 168-186; Ignatius Brady, "Bonaventure, St." in New Catholic Encyclopaedia, Vol. II (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967), 658-664.

⁵⁴ Cf. Brady, op. cit., 658; cf. De vita seraphici Doctoris, in the Quaracchi critical edition, с 1, n. 3 (X, 40).

⁵⁵ Leg. maj, prol., n. 3 (VIII, 505).

⁵⁶ Leg. min., De transitu mortis, 8 (VIII, 579).

⁵⁷ Cf. Mariano di Firenze, in Zeffirino Lazzeri (ed.) "Una piccola vita inedita di S. Bonaventura," Studi Francescani, 1 (1914), 120.

⁵⁸ Cf, Jacques-Guy Bougerol, Saint Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse (Paris: Editions franciscaines, 1966), pp. 8-11.

⁵⁹ The Brief of October 14, 1482, of Sixtus IV to the Franciscan Convent at Bagnoregio stated that Bonaventure "in dicta domo educatus exstitit"; cf. Bull. Franc. N.S., vol. III (1471-1484), Quaracchi, 1949, 838.

⁶⁰ Cf. Bougerol, Saint-Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse, pp. 11-30; Quinn, op. cit., 186; Brady, op. cit., 658.

⁶¹ On the history of the Franciscan establishment at Paris, cf. Christian Eugene, "Saint Bonaventure et le grand couvent des cordeliers de Paris," in Actes du Colloque Saint Bonaventure, 9-12 septembre 1968, Orsay, in Etudes franciscaines, 18 (Supplement annuel, 1968), 167-182.

⁶² Ibid., 173; Bougerol, Saint Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse, p. 27.

⁶³ II Sent., prael. prooem. (II, 2).

⁶⁴ Sixtus IV, in his bull of canonization of Bonaventure, printed in the Quaracchi critical edition, n. 6 (I, xl); for sources of the remark of Alexander, cf. the chronicles attributed to Bernard of Bessa, Bonaventure's secretary, in Analecta franciscana, III, 699; also Chronica XXIV generalium, ibid., 324.

⁶⁵ Ep. de tr. quaes., n. 13 (VIII, 336).

⁶⁶ Cf. Bougerol, Saint Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse, pp. 31-59; Quinn, op. cit., 186; Brady, op. cit., 658.

⁶⁷ Cf. Bougerol, Saint Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse, pp. 61-71; cf. chronology in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, II, 11; Quinn, op. cit., 181-198; Brady, op. cit., 658.

⁶⁸ On this controversy, cf. Decima Douie, The Conflict between the Seculars and the Mendicants at the University of Paris in the 13th Century (London: Black- friars, 1954); "St. Bonaventure's Part in the Conflict between Seculars and Mendicants at Paris," in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, II, 585-612.

⁶⁹ Cf. Salimbene, Cronica fratris Salimbene de Adam ordinis minorum, in Monumenta Germaniae historica: Scriptorum, Vol. XXXII, ed. O. Holder-Egger (Hanoverae et Lipsiae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1905-1913), 309-310; cf. Quinn, op. cit., 174-176.

⁷⁰ Cf. J. R. H. Moorman, A History of the Franciscan Order: From its Origins to the Year 1517 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), pp. 105-204; Rosalind Brooke, Early Franciscan Government: Elias to Bonaventure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959).

⁷¹ On Joachim and his influence, cf. Margorie Reeves, The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study of Joachimism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1969), pp. 3-228.

⁷² Cf. Salimbene, op. cit., 309-310.

⁷³ Cf. Angelo of Clareno, Historia septem tribulationum ordinis minorum, tribulatio 4, ed. Franz Ehrle, in Archiv fur Litteratur und Kirchen-Geschichte, Vol. II (Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1886), 271-287. On Angelo's account of the trial, cf. E. Randolph Daniel, "St. Bonaventure: Defender of Franciscan Eschatology," in S. Bonaventure 1274-1974, ed. Jacques Guy Bougerol, Vol. IV (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1974), 797-799.

⁷⁴ Cf. Moorman, op. cit., pp. 140-154; Brooke, op. cit., pp. 270-285.

⁷⁵ Itin. (V, 295-313); cf. below, pp. 75-95.

⁷⁶ Leg. maj. (VIII, 504-565); Leg. min. (VIII, 565-579); cf. Archivum franciscanum historicum, 7 (1914), 678.

⁷⁷ Cf. Fernand Van Steenbergen, Aristotle in the West, trans. Leonard Johnston (Louvain: Neuwelaerts, 1955); The Philosophical Movement in the Thirteenth Century (Edinburgh: Nelson, 1955). For a survey of scholarship on Bonaventure's relation to this Aristotelianism, cf. John Quinn, The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1973), pp. 17-100.

⁷⁸ On Bonaventure's work in relation to the Council of Lyons, cf. Bougerol, Saint Bonaventure: un maitre de sagesse, pp. 117-130; cf. also the paper of Bougerol, "Le role de saint Bonaventure au Concile de Lyon 1274," delivered at the international conference entitled "1274 Annee charniere, mutations et continuites," held at Lyons and Paris, September 30-October 5, 1974, to be published in the proceedings. Cf. Antonio Franchi, Il Concilo II di Lione (1274) secundo la Ordinatio Concilii Generalis Lugdunensis (Roma: Edizioni francescane, 1965).

⁷⁹ Chronica XXIV generalium, in Analecta franciscana, III, 356; cf. the report of Bonaventure's death and funeral in the ordinatio of the Council, printed in Franchi, op. cit., p. 95.

⁸⁰ Cf. the bulls of Sixtus IV and Sixtus V, printed in the Quaracchi critical edition (I, xxxix-lii).

⁸¹ On the sources of Bonaventure's thought, cf. the recent research of Jacques Guy Bougerol, "S. Bonaventure et le Pseudo-Denys l'Areopagite," in Actes du Colloque Saint Bonaventure, 9-12 septembre 1968, Orsay, in Etudes franciscaines, 18 (Supplement annuel, 1968), 33-123; "Saint Bonaventure et la hierarchie dionysienne," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, 44 (1969), 131-167; "Dossier pour l'etude des rapports entre saint Bonaventure et Aristote," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, 49(1974), 135-222; cf. the reference in n. 9 to Chapter One, p. 289, above.

⁸² Itin., с 3 (V, 303-306); cf. Augustine, De Trinitate, VIII-XV.

⁸³ Itin., с 1, n. 9-15 (V, 298-299); cf. Augustine, Contra Faustum, XX, 7; De vera religione, VII, 13; De Trinitate, VI, 10, 12.

⁸⁴ Itin., с 1, n. 14 (V, 299).

⁸⁵ Hexaem., XII, n. 14 (V, 386).

⁸⁶ Loc. cit.

⁸⁷ ltin., с 1, n. 15 (V, 299); Boehner, 49.

⁸⁸ I Sent., d. 2-34 (I, 46-596); M. Trin. (V, 45-115); Sc. Chr. (V, 3-43); Brevil, p. I, c. 2-6; p. И, с 12 (V, 210-215; 230).

⁸⁹ On Bonaventure's Trinitarian theology, cf. Theodore de Regnon, Etudes de theologie positive sur la Sainte Trinite, vol. II: Theories scholastiques (Paris: Retaux, 1892), 435-568; A. Stohr, Die Trinitdtslehre des HI Bonaventura (Munster in Westfalen: Aschendorff, 1923); J.-M. Bissen, L'exemplarisme divin selon Bonaventure (Paris: Vrin, 1929); Titus Szabo, De. SS. Trinitate in creaturis refuigente doctrina S. Bonaventurae (Rome: Herder, 1955); Luc Mathieu, "La Trinite creatrice d'apres Saint Bonaventure," unpublished doctoral dissertation (Faculte de theologie de l'lnstitut Catholique de Paris, 1960); Winthir Rauch, Das Buch Gottes: Eine systematische Untersuchung des Buchbegriffes bei Bonaventura (Miinchen:

Max Hueber, 1961); Alexander Gerken, Theologie des Wortes: Das Verhdltnis von Schopfung und Inkarnation bei Bonaventura (Dusseldorf: Patmos, 1963); Olegario Gonzalez, Misterio trinitario у existencia Humana (Madrid: Ediciones Rialp, 1965).

⁹⁰ I Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 53-54).

⁹¹ Richard of St. Victor, De Trinitate; Pseudo-Dionysius, De caelesti hierarch., с 4, n. 1; De div. пот., с. 4, n. 1, ff.

⁹² I Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 53).

⁹³ 1 Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2 (I, 468-474); cf. I Sent., d. 11, a. un., q. 2 (I, 214-216).

⁹⁴ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 471); the source is not Aristotle but the Liber de causis.

⁹⁵ Cf. de Regnon, op. cit., Vol. I, 335-365; Gregory Nazianzen, Oratio II, 38; Basil, Homilia XXIV, Contra Sabellianos et Arium et Anomoeos, 4; Pseudo-Dionysius, De div. пот., с. 2, n. 7.

⁹⁶ M. Trin., q. 8 (V, 112-115); Brevil, p. I, cc. 2-3 (V, 210-212).

⁹⁷ Itin., c. 6, n. 2 (V, 310-311).

⁹⁸ Нехает., XI, 11-25 (V, 381-384).

⁹⁹ Cf. below, pp. 101-130, 229-267.

¹⁰⁰ I Sent., d. 43, a. un., q. 3 (I, 773).

¹⁰¹ M. Trin., q. 4, a. 2, ad 4-9 (V, 86-87).

¹⁰² Itin., с 6, n. 2 (V, 310-311); Boehner, 55.

¹⁰³ Нехает., I, 17 (V, 332).

¹⁰⁴ I Sent., d. 6-7, 9, 12-13, 27, 31 (I, 123-146, 176-192, 218-241, 464-494, 529-552).

¹⁰⁵ M. Trin., q. 4, a. 2, ad 8 (V, 87).

¹⁰⁶ I Sent., d. 27, p. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 484-487); d. 35-36 (I, 597-632); Sc. Chr. (V, 3-43).

¹⁰⁷ M. Trin., q. 8, ad 7 (V, 115).

¹⁰⁸ I Sent., d. 3, a. un., q. 2, ad 4 (I, 72-74).

¹⁰⁹ Hexaem., I, 12-17 (V, 331-332).

¹¹⁰ M. Trin., q. 8, ad 7 (V, 115).

¹¹¹ Hexaem., I, 12-17 (V, 331-332); Red. art., 24 (V, 325). On Bonaventure's Christology, cf. references in n. 42, above; also W. Dettloff, " 'Christus tenens medium in omnibus': Sinn und Funktion der Theologie bei Bonaventura," Wissenschaft und Weisheit, 20 (1957), 28-42, 120-140; Bernardo Aperribay, "Christologfa mistica de San Buenaventura," Obras de San Buenaventura, vol. II (Madrid: Biblioteca de autores cristianos, 1957), 3-90; Nicolaus Simonelli, Doctrina christocentrica Seraphici Doctoris S. Bonaventurae (Iesi: Scuola Tipografica Francescana, 1958).

¹¹² I Sent., d. 1-22 (III, 6-466); Brevil., p. IV (V, 241-252); Sc. Chr., q. 5-7 (V, 27-43).

¹¹³ Col. 1:15-20.

¹¹⁴ Itin., prol. (V, 295-296).

¹¹⁵ Ibid., n. 3 (V, 295).

¹¹⁶ Ibid., с 6, n. 7 (V, 312); Boehner, 95; Apoc. 1:8, 5:1; Ez. 2:9; cf. с 7 (V, 312-313).

¹¹⁷ Cf. below, pp. 63-64, 219-222, 258-262.

¹¹⁸ Lign. vit. (VIII, 68-87).

¹¹⁹ Hexaem., I (V, 329-335).

¹²⁰ Hexaem., I, n. 13, 24 (V, 331, 333).

¹²¹ Itin., с 1, n. 14 (V, 299).

¹²² Joseph Ratzinger, The Theology of History in St. Bonaventure, trans. Zachary Hayes (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1971), p. 110.

¹²³ For a study of Bonaventure, Aristotle and the Joachites, cf. Ratzinger, op. cit., cf. also Bernard McGinn, "The Abbot and the Doctors: Scholastic Reactions to the Radical Eschatology of Joachim of Fiore," Church History, 40(1971), 41-45; E. Randolph Daniel, op. cit.

¹²⁴ Itin., с 5-7 (V, 308-313); Нехает., I (V, 329-335).

¹²⁵ On the subject of microcosm and macrocosm, cf. James McEvoy, "Microcosm and Macrocosm in the Writings of St. Bonaventure," in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, ed. Jacques Guy Bougerol et al., Vol. II (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1973), 309-343.

¹²⁶ Itin., prol., n. 2-3 (V, 295-296).

¹²⁷ Cf. the position of Philotheus Boehner in Works of Saint Bonaventure, Vol. II: Saint Bonaventure's Itinerarium Mentis in Deum (Saint Bonaventure, N.Y.: The Franciscan Institute, 1956), 19.

¹²⁸ Itin., prol. n 2 (V, 295); Boehner, 31.

¹²⁹ Loc. cit.; Boehner uses the form "Mount Alverno," but for consistency with my text, I have altered this to the more common Italian designation "La Verna".

¹³⁰ Itin., prol. n. 1 (V, 295); Boehner, 31; Ps. 119; 7; 121:6.

¹³¹ Ibid., n. 2 (V, 295); Boehner, 31.

¹³² Loc. cit.

¹³³ Le Considerazioni sulle stimmate, con. 1; English translation by Raphael Brown, The Little Flowers of St. Francis (Garden City, N.Y.: Image Books, 1958), p. 173.

¹³⁴ Leg. maj. XIII, n. 3 (VIII, 542-543); cf. also Leg. min. (VIII, 575). Cf. Is. 6:2.

¹³⁵ Itin., prol., n. 2 (V, 295); Boehner, 31.

¹³⁶ Cf. below, pp. 175-183.

¹³⁷ Itin., prol. n. 2 (V, 295); Boehner, 31.

¹³⁸ Ibid., n. 3 (V, 295); Boehner, 33.

¹³⁹ Cf. Boehner, op. cit., 105.

¹⁴⁰ Itin., с 1, n. 8 (V, 298).

¹⁴¹ Ibid., n. 2, 9 (V, 297-298); Bonaventure refers to Christ as a ladder in Itin., с 1, n. 3; с 4, n. 2; с 7, n. 1 (V, 297, 306, 312).

¹⁴² Itin., с 3, n. 1; с 5, n. 1 (V, 303-308).

¹⁴³ ltin., с 1, n. 9 (V, 298); the reference here is to the material world, but the term speculatio is used in all headings of Chapters One through Six, thus referring to our consideration of the soul and of God himself. Cf. Itin., c. 2, n. 1, 7, 13; с 3, n. 5; с 4, n. 7 (V, 299-301, 303, 305, 307-308).

¹⁴⁴ Cf. above, pp. 46-48.

¹⁴⁵ Cf. above, pp. 59-66.

¹⁴⁶ Itin., prol. n. 3 (V, 295); Boehner, 33; II Cor. 12:2; Gal. 2:20.

¹⁴⁷ Ibid., (V, 296); Boehner, 33; cf. Jn. 10:1, 9; Apoc. 22:14.

¹⁴⁸ Ibid., с 1, n. 9 (V, 298); Boehner, 45.

¹⁴⁹ Cf. Itin., c. 2, n. 11-12; I Sent., d. 3, a. un., q. 2, ad 4 (I, 72-74); Brevil., p. II, с 12 (V, 230).

¹⁵⁰ Itin., с. 1, n. 11-12 (V, 298).

¹⁵¹ Ibid., n. 13 (V, 299); Boehner, 47.

¹⁵² Ibid., n. 14, (V, 299); Boehner, 47.

¹⁵³ Loc. cit.

¹⁵⁴ Ibid., с 2, n. 2 (V, 300); Boehner, 51.

¹⁵⁵ Ibid., n. 7 (V, 301); Boehner, 55-56.

¹⁵⁶ Ibid., n. 11 (V, 302); Boehner, 61; for the sources in Augustine of Bonaventure's thought on numbers, cf. De vera religione, c. 40-44, n. 74-82; De musica, VI.

¹⁵⁷ Itin., с 3, п. 1 (V, 303); Boehner, 63; cf. Augustine, De Trinitate, VIII-XV.

¹⁵⁸ Itin., с 3, п. 4 (V, 305); Boehner, 69.

¹⁵⁹ Ibid., n. 5 (V, 305); Boehner, 69.

¹⁶⁰ Ibid., с 4, n. 2 (V, 306); Boehner, 73.

¹⁶¹ Ibid., n. 3 (V, 306); Boehner, 73.

¹⁶² Ibid., n. 5 (V, 307); Boehner 77; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

¹⁶³ For an extensive study of the temple and other symbols in the Itinerarium, cf. Sister Lillian Turney, "The Symbolism of the Temple in St. Bonaventure's Itinerarium Mentis in Deum" unpublished doctoral dissertation (Fordham University, 1968); cf. also the reference to her paper in n. 2 to Chapter Six, below, p. 303.

¹⁶⁴ Ex. 25-28. Following closely the description of Exodus, Bonaventure uses the term tabernaculum or tent. Yet for the fullness of the word, it is more accurate to refer to it as the temple; for the tent developed into the temple, and it was under the form of temple that the symbolism later progressed. Also the Exodus account incorporates many elements from the later temple. Roland de Vaux writes: "It is only too obvious that much of this description [of the tabernacle in Exodus] is merely an idealization: the desert sanctuary is conceived as a collapsible temple, exactly half as big as the temple of Jerusalem, which served as the model for this reconstruction." Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions, trans. John McHugh, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961), p. 296. Cf. Frank M. Cross, Jr., "The Tabernacle," Biblical Archeologist, 10, (1947), 45-68.

¹⁶⁵ Cf. Yves Congar, The Mystery of the Temple, trans. Reginald F. Trevett (Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1962).

¹⁶⁶ Bonaventure's treatment of these images is in many respects similar to that of Richard of St. Victor in the Benjamin major. Richard uses the symbol of Mt. Sinai, where Moses received God's revelation, and the symbol of the temple. He sees them related as opposites, yet united since the top of the mountain and the innermost part of the temple symbolize the same aspect of the human soul. Cf. Benjamin major, IV, 23 (PL 196, 167A).

¹⁶⁷ Itin., с 3, п. 1 (V, 303).

¹⁶⁸ Cf. Boehner's explication of this symbolism, op. cit., p. 120. Itinerarium, c. 3, n. 1 (V, 303); с 5, п. 1 (V, 308); с. 6, п. 4 (V, 311).

¹⁶⁹ Itin., с. 5, n. 1 (V, 308); Boehner, 81.

¹⁷⁰ In the Benjamin major the Cherubim also symbolize the fifth and sixth kinds of contemplation according to the scheme of Richard of St. Victor. Cf. Benjamin major, I, 11 (PL 196, 77A).

¹⁷¹ Itin., с 5, п. 2 (V, 308); Boehner, 81; Ex. 3:14.

¹⁷² Loc. cit.) cf. John Damascene, De fide orthodoxa, I, 9.

¹⁷³ Itin., с 5 (V, 308); Boehner, 81.

¹⁷⁴ Anselm, Proslogion, c. 2-4.

¹⁷⁵ Itin., с 5, п. З (V, 308-309).

¹⁷⁶ lbid., n. 4 (V, 309); Boehner, 83.

¹⁷⁷ Ibid., n. 5 (V, 309).

¹⁷⁸ Ibid., n. 7 (V, 509); Boehner, 85.

¹⁷⁹ Loc. cit.; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

¹⁸⁰ Loc. cit.

¹⁸¹ Ibid., n. 8 (V, 310).

¹⁸² Loc. a7.; Boehner, 87. Bonaventure is quoting Alanus de Insulis, Theologicae regulae, 7 (PL 210, 627 A-C).

¹⁸³ Itin., с 5, n. 2 (V, 308); Boehner, 87.

¹⁸⁴ Lk. 18:19.

¹⁸⁵ Itin., c. 5, n. 8 (V, 310); cf. Dionysius, De divinis nominibus, с 3, n. 1; c. 4, n. 1.

¹⁸⁶ Anselm, Proslogion, с 2-5.

¹⁸⁷ Dionysius, De caelesti hierarchia, 4.

¹⁸⁸ Bonaventure uses the interpersonal vision of Richard of St. Victor, De Trinitate, III, с 2 ff., and his concepts of the dilectus and condilectus in deriving the processions from the self-diffusive good.

¹⁸⁹ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 471).

¹⁹⁰ Itin., с 6, n. 2 (V, 311); Boehner, 91.

¹⁹¹ Ibid., п. 3 (V, 311).

¹⁹² Ibid., п. 4 (V, 311).

¹⁹³ Ibid., n. 5 (V, 311).

¹⁹⁴ Loc. cit.; Boehner, 93.

¹⁹⁵ Lot. cit.

¹⁹⁶ Loc. cit.

¹⁹⁷ Ibid., n. 6 (V, 311-312); Boehner, 93, 95.

¹⁹⁸ Ibid., n. 7 (V, 312).

¹⁹⁹ Loc. cit.; Boehner, 95; Apoc. 1:8, 5:1; Ezk. 2:9.

²⁰⁰ Ibid., c. 7, n. 2 (V, 312); on passage as a coincidence of opposites, cf. Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1958), pp. 427-428.

²⁰¹ Itin., с 7, n. 2 (V, 312); Lk. 23:43.

²⁰² Ibid., n. 5 (V, 313); Dionysius, De mystica theologia, I, 1.

²⁰³ Ibid., n. 6 (V, 313); Boehner, 101; Jn. 13:1; 14:8.

²⁰⁴ Cf. below, pp. 101-114.

²⁰⁵ Cf. below, pp. 118-126.

²⁰⁶ Itin., с 5, n. 8 (V, 310); Boehner, 87.

²⁰⁷ Cf. above, pp. 49-67.

²⁰⁸ Augustine, De Trinitate, V-VIII; cf. Harry Wolfson, The Philosophy of the Church Fathers, Vol. I (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1964), 350-359. On the differences between the Eastern and Western approaches to the Trinity, cf. Theodore de Regnon, Etudes de theologie positive sur la Sainte Trinite, 4 vols. (Paris: Retaux, 1892-1898).

²⁰⁹ Cf. de Regnon, op. cit., Vol. II: Theories scolastiques; Paul Vanier, Theologie Trinitaire chez S. Thomas d'Aquin (Montreal: Institut d'Etudes Medievales, 1953). Vanier has pointed out a Dionysian influence in the De potentia and an Augustinian influence in the Summa theologiae. I have taken the latter as characteristic of Thomas since it is later in his career and has been recognized as the classical locus of his Trinitarian theology and hence a source of great subsequent influence.

²¹⁰ Hexaem., VI, n. 2-6 (V, 360-361); cf. below, pp. 217-220.

²¹¹ Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936), passim.

²¹² 1 Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 53).

²¹³ Loc. cit.

²¹⁴ Loc. cit.

²¹⁵ 1 Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2 (I, 468-474).

²¹⁶ Ibid., ad 3 (I, 471). Most modern scholars attribute the Liber de causis either to Alfarabi, who died in Bagdad in 950 A.D., or to David the Jew, who lived in Toledo in the second half of the twelfth century. On the authorship of the Liber de causis, cf. H. D. Saffrey, Sancti Thomae de Aquino super librum de causis ex- posito (Fribourg: Societe philosophique, 1954), pp. xxi-xxv; and L. Sweeney, "Research Difficulties in the Liber de Causis," The Modern Schoolman, 36 (1959), 108-115.

²¹⁷ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 471).

²¹⁸ Cf. above, pp. 18-24.

²¹⁹ Cf. n. 5, above.

²²⁰ M. Trin., q. 8 (V, 112-115); Brevil, p. I, c. 2-3 (V, 210-212).

²²¹ Itin., с 6, n. 2 (V, 310); Boehner, 89.

²²² Loc. cit.

²²³ Loc. cit.

²²⁴ Cf. below, pp. 238-262.

²²⁵ Itin., с 6, n. 2 (V, 310); Boehner, 89.

²²⁶ Hexaem., XI, n. 11 (V, 381-382); Jn. 16:15.

²²⁷ Ibid., (V, 382).

²²⁸ Ibid., n. 12 (V, 382); Richard of St. Victor, De Trinitate, III, с 2.

²²⁹ Cf. Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: Macmillan, 1929), pp. 519-533; Charles Hartshorne, The Divine Relativity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948). On this issue, cf. below, pp. 239-255.

²³⁰ Itin., с 7, n. 1 (V, 312); Boehner, 97.

²³¹ Ibid., n. 5 (V, 313); Dionysius, De mystica theologia, I, 1.

²³² Itin., с 7, n. 6 (V, 313); Boehner, 101; Jn. 13:1; 14, 8.

²³³ Cf. below, pp. 281-284.

²³⁴ Пехает., I (V, 329-335).

²³⁵ I Sent., d. 2-34 (I, 46-596); M. Trin. (V, 45-115); Brevil. p. I, c. 2-6 (V, 210-215); Itin., с 6 (V, 310-312); Нехает., I, n. 12-17 (V, 331-332).

²³⁶ Hexaem., I, n. 14 (V, 331-332); cf. below, pp. 138-139.

²³⁷ Itin., с 6, n. 2 (V, 310-311); / Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 3-4 (I, 54-58).

²³⁸ Itin., с 6, n. 3 (V, 311).

²³⁹ I Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 53); cf. Richard of St. Victor, De Trinitate, III.

²⁴⁰ Loc. cit.

²⁴¹ Hexaem., I, n. 16 (V, 332).

²⁴² I Sent., d. 3, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 4 (I, 72-74); Brevil., P. II, с 12 (V, 230); Itin., с 1-4 (V, 296-308); Нехает., XII (V, 384-387).

²⁴³ I Sent., d. 6-7, 9, 12-13, 27, 31, 35-36 (I, 123-146, 176-192, 218, 241, 464-494, 529-552, 597-632); Sc. Chr. (V, 3-43); Hexaem., I, n. 12-17 (V, 331-332).

²⁴⁴ Hexaem., XII, n. 3 (V, 385).

²⁴⁵ Brevil., p. I, c. 8, n. 7 (V, 217); on the difference between Bonaventure and Thomas on this point, cf. Titus Szab6, De SS. Trinitate in creaturis refulgente doctrina S. Bonaventurae (Rome: Herder, 1955), pp. 31-43.

²⁴⁶ Haexaem., XII, n. 9 (V, 386).

²⁴⁷ Sc. Chr., q. 2, obj. 9 (V, 8).

²⁴⁸ Augustine, Soliloquia, II, c. 5, n. 8.

²⁴⁹ Anselm, Dialogus de veritate, c. 11.

²⁵⁰ Sc. Chr., q. 2, ad 9 (V, 10).

²⁵¹ Cf. Celano, Vita prima, c. 21, 28-29; Vita secunda, c. 18, 124-130; Bonaventure, Leg. ma]., c. 6-11 (VIII, 519-535); Speculum perfectionis, c. 116, 118; Fioretti, c. 22.

²⁵² On Bonaventure's epistemology, cf. Sc. Chr., q. 4 (V, 17-27); Chr. un. omn. mag. (V, 567-574); M. Trin., q. 1, a. 1 (V, 45-51); Itin., c. 1-4 (V, 296-308); Red. art. (V, 319-325); Hexaem., I, n. 13; XIII (V, 331, 384-387).

²⁵³ Hexaem., XII, n. 8 (V, 385).

²⁵⁴ M. Trin., q 1, a. 1 (V, 45-51); Itin., c. 3 (V, 303-306); 5c. Chr., q. 4 (V, 17-27).

²⁵⁵ M. Trin., q. 1, a. 1-2 (V, 45-58).

²⁵⁶ Thomas, Summa theologiae, I, q. 2, a. 3.

²⁵⁷ M. Trin., q. 1, a. 1, concl. (V, 49).

²⁵⁸ Ibid., q. 1, a. 1, n. 1-29 (V, 45-48).

²⁵⁹ Ibid. (V, 45).

²⁶⁰ Ibid., n. 1-10 (V, 45-46); John Damascene, De fide orthodoxa, I, c. 3; Hugh of St. Victor, De sacram. I, p. 3, c. 1; Boethius, De consol., III, prosa 2; Augustine, De Trinitate, VIII-XV; Aristotle, Poster., II, c. 18; Metaph., I, c. I; Augustine, De civitate Dei, XIX, c. 11-13.

²⁶¹ Itin., c. 3, n. 1 (V, 303); Boehner, 63.

²⁶² Loc. cit.

²⁶³ Ibid., n. 2 (V, 303).

²⁶⁴ Ibid. (V, 304); Boehner, 65; the quotation within the text is from Augustine, De Trinitate, XIV, 8, 11.

²⁶⁵ Itin., c. 3, n. 3 (V, 304).

²⁶⁶ Ibid., n. 4 (V, 305); Boehner, 69.

²⁶⁷ Sc. Chr., q. 4, concl. (V, 22).

²⁶⁸ Ibid. (V, 23-24).

²⁶⁹ lbid. (V, 24).

²⁷⁰ On justice in the souls of evil men, cf. Sc. Chr., q. 4, fund. 23 and concl. (V, 19, 23); on charity, cf. I Sent., d. 17, p. 1, a. un., q. 4, concl. (I, 301-302); on fear and love of God, cf. II Sent., d. 39, a. 1, q. 2, concl. (II, 904).

²⁷¹ Sc. Chr., q. 4, concl. (V, 23).

²⁷² Ibid. (V, 23-24).

²⁷³ II Sent., d. 39, a. 1, q. 2 concl. (II, 904).

²⁷⁴ Cf. Itin.,c. 3, n. 2 (V, 303).

²⁷⁵ Itin., c. 4, n. 2 (V, 306).

²⁷⁶ Ibid., c. 5, n. 4 (V, 309).

²⁷⁷ Ibid., c. l,n. 7 (V, 297-298).

²⁷⁸ II Sent., prooem. (II, 3-6).

²⁷⁹ Hexaem., I, n. 26 (V, 333).

²⁸⁰ II Sent., prooem. (II, 3-6).

²⁸¹ Quaracchi editors in II Sent., prooem. (II, 6, note).

²⁸² II Sent., prooem. (II, 4).

²⁸³ Loc. cit.; cf. Anselm, Dialogus de veritate, c. 11.

²⁸⁴ II Sent., prooem. (11,4).

²⁸⁵ Loc. cit.

²⁸⁶ Loc. cit.

²⁸⁷ Ibid. (11,5).

²⁸⁸ Loc. cit.

²⁸⁹ Ibid. (II, 6).

²⁹⁰ Hexaem., I; for our analysis of this collatio, we will use the text which appears in Vol. V, 329-335, of the Quaracchi edition, 1891, but will cite the parallel passages in the other version of the collatio, edited by Delorme: S. Bonaventurae Collationes in Hexaemeron et bonaventuriana quaedam selecta, ed. F. Delorme (Quaracchi: Collegium S. Bonaventurae, 1934).

²⁹¹ Itin., c. 5-7 (V, 308-313); cf. above, pp. 91-93.

²⁹² Itin., prol., n. 2-4 (V, 295-296).

²⁹³ Ibid., c. 4, n. 5 (V, 307); Boehner, 77; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

²⁹⁴ Cf. above, pp. 84-93.

²⁹⁵ Itin., c. 5, n. 7 (V, 309).

²⁹⁶ Ibid., c. 6, n. 3 (V, 311).

²⁹⁷ Ibid., n. 5-6 (V, 311-312).

²⁹⁸ Ibid., n. 7 (V, 312); Boehner, 95; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

²⁹⁹ Ibid., c. 7, n. 1 (V, 312).

³⁰⁰ Hexaem., I, n. 11 (V, 331); Delorme, p. 5.

³⁰¹ On the meaning of medium in Bonaventure, cf. Alexander Gerken's survey in Lexique Saint Bonaventure, ed. Jacques-Guy Bougerol (Paris: £ditions franciscaines, 1969), pp. 97-98. Although Bonaventure distinguished between medium and mediator in his early writings, this distinction does not have an important place in his later works. Cf. Bonaventure, III Sent., d. 19, a. 2, q. 2 (III, 409-411); cf. Gerken in Lexique Saint Bonaventure, p. 97.

³⁰² Cf. above, pp. 18-22.

³⁰³ Cf. below, pp. 222-227.

³⁰⁴ Hexaem., I, n. 14 (V, 331-332); Delorme, p. 6; cf. above pp. 110-112.

³⁰⁵ Cf. above, pp. 98-114.

³⁰⁶ Hexaem., I, n. 13 (V, 331); Delorme, p. 7.

³⁰⁷ Ibid.

³⁰⁸ Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1958), p. 29; cf. above, pp. 16-17.

³⁰⁹ Hexaem., I, n. 13 (V, 331); Delorme, p. 7.

³¹⁰ Jn. 16:28; Hexaem., I, 17 (V, 332); Delorme, p. 7.

³¹¹ Hexaem., I, 17 (V, 332); Delorme, p. 7.

³¹² Ibid., n. 13 (V, 331); Delorme, p. 6; Augustine, In epist. Ioannis, tr. 3, n. 13.

³¹³ Sc. Chr., q. 4 (V, 17-32); Chr. un. omn. mag. (V, 567-574); cf. above, pp. 118-126.

³¹⁴ Ch. un. omn. mag., n. 9 (V, 569).

³¹⁵ Cf. Ill Sent., d. 2, a. 1, q. 2, concl. (Ill, 40).

³¹⁶ Red. art. n. 20 (V, 324).

³¹⁷ Hexaem., I, n. 18-20 (V, 332-333); Delorme, pp. 7-10.

³¹⁸ Cf. Phil. 2:5-12.

³¹⁹ Hexaem., I, n. 21-22 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 10.

³²⁰ Ibid., n. 24 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 11.

³²¹ Ibid., n. 25-30; Delorme, pp. 12-15.

³²² Ibid., n. 28 (V, 334); Delorme, pp. 14-15.

³²³ Ibid., n. 31-33 (V, 334-335); Delorme, pp. 15-17.

³²⁴ Ibid., n. 34-36 (V, 335); Delorme, pp. 17-18.

³²⁵ Ibid., n. 37-38 (V, 335); Delorme, p. 18.

³²⁶ Cf. below, pp. 172-197.

³²⁷ Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane, trans. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959), pp. 36-37.

³²⁸ III Sent., d. 1-17 (III, 6-377); Brevil., p. IV, c. 1-7 (V, 241-248).

³²⁹ Brevil., p. IV, c. 2, n. 2 (V, 242); English translation by Jose de Vinck, The Works of Bonaventure, Vol. II: The Breviloquium (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963), 147.

³³⁰ III Sent., d. 2, a. 1, q. 2, concl. (Ill, 40).

³³¹ Loc. cit.; cf. Augustine, De spiritu et anima, c. 18; Gregory the Great, Moralia, VI, c. 16, n. 20; In evangelia homilia, II, 29, n. 2.

³³² On the Scotist doctrine of the primacy of Christ in creation, cf. John Duns Scotus, Rep. Par., lib. 3, d. 7, q. 4; Op. Ox., lib. 3, d. 7, q. 3, dub. 1; Dominic Unger, "Franciscan Christology: Absolute and Universal Primacy of Christ," in Franciscan Studies, 23 (1942), 428-475.

³³³ Red. art., n. 20 (V, 324); English translation by Sister Emma Therese Healy, Works of Saint Bonaventure, Vol. I: Saint Bonaventure's De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam (St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Franciscan Institute, 1955), 37-38.

³³⁴ Itin., c. 4, n. 5 (V, 307); Boehner, 77; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

³³⁵ Brevil., p. IV, c. 1, n. 4 (V, 242); de Vinck, 146.

³³⁶ Anselm, Cur Deus Homo; cf. Bonaventure, III Sent., d. 20 (III, 416-434); Brevil., p. IV, c. 9 (V, 249-250); for Bonaventure's reservation to Anselm's theory, cf. III Sent., d. 20, q. 6 (III, 430-432).

³³⁷ III Sent., d. 18-22 (III, 377-466); Brevil., p. IV, c. 8-10 (V, 248-252).

³³⁸ Brevil., p. IV, c. 9, n. 4 (V, 250); de Vinck, 171-172.

³³⁹ Ibid., c. 10, n. 3 (V, 251); de Vinck, 175; cf. Hexaem., I, n. 21-22 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 10.

³⁴⁰ Hexaem., I, n. 21-30 (V, 333-334); Delorme, pp. 10-15.

³⁴¹ Cf. above, pp. 144-146.

³⁴² Hexaem., I, n. 22 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 10.

³⁴³ Ibid;, n. 24 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 11.

³⁴⁴ Ibid., n. 28 (V, 334); Delorme, p. 14.

³⁴⁵ Ibid., Delorme, p. 15.

³⁴⁶ Ibid., n. 30 (V, 334); Delorme, p. 15.

³⁴⁷ Loc. cit.

³⁴⁸ Cf. Itin., esp. c. 4-7 (V, 306-313); Lign. vit. (VIII, 68-86); Tripl. via (VIII, 3-18); Solil. (VIII, 28-67).

³⁴⁹ Itin., c. 7, n. 6 (V, 313); Jn. 13:1, 14:8; Boehner, 101.

³⁵⁰ Emile Male, Notre Dame de Chartres (Paris: Paul Hartmann, 1948), pp. 9-10.

³⁵¹ For a study of Bonaventure's symbolism in the Itinerarium, cf. Sister Lillian Turney, "The Symbolism of the Temple in St. Bonaventure's Itinerarium Mentis in Deum," unpublished doctoral dissertation (Fordham University, 1968); cf. also by the same author, "The Symbolism of the Temple in Bonaventure's Itinerarium," paper delivered at the Congresso Internazionale Bonaventuriano, Rome, September 19-26, 1974, to be published in the conference proceedings.

³⁵² Ètienne Gilson, The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure, trans. Dom. Illtyd Tretho- wan and Frank J. Sheed (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1965), p. 186.

³⁵³ Hexaem., I, n. 17 (V, 532); Delorme, p. 7.

³⁵⁴ Cf. above, pp. 51-59, 98-118.

³⁵⁵ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 470-472).

³⁵⁶ Loc. cit.; cf. above, pp. 101-104.

³⁵⁷ Itin., c. 6, n. 2 (V, 310); Boehner, 89.

³⁵⁸ Loc. cit.

³⁵⁹ Hexaem., I, n. 16 (V, 332); Delorme, p. 7.

³⁶⁰ Hexaem., XII, n. 14 (V, 386); Delorme, p. 144.

³⁶¹ Itin., c. 1-4 (V, 296-308); / Sent., d. 3, p. 1 (I, 66-80).

³⁶² Ibid., c. 1, n. 13-14 (V, 298-299).

³⁶³ Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1958), pp. 216-238; 367-387; The Sacred and the Profane, trans. Williard Trask (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959), pp. 21-65; Images and Symbols, trans. Philip Mairet (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1961), pp. 21-56.

³⁶⁴ C. G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy; Vol. XII The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, trans. R. F. C. Hull (New York: Pantheon Books, 1953).

³⁶⁵ Cf. above, pp. 49-67.

³⁶⁶ Jung, op. cit., pp. 91-213; Eliade, Images and Symbols, pp. 51-56; Yoga, Immortality and Freedom, trans. Williard Trask (New York: Pantheon Books, 1958), pp. 219 ff; Giuseppe Tucci, The Theory and Practice of the Mandala, trans. Alan Houghton Brodrick (London: Rider, 1967).

³⁶⁷ Hexaem., I (V, 329-335); Delorme, pp. 1-19.

³⁶⁸ Itin., prol., n. 2-5; c. 1, n. 1-8 (V, 295-298).

³⁶⁹ Ibid., c. 3-6 (V, 303-312).

³⁷⁰ Itin., c. 5, n. 8 (V, 310); Boehner, 87. Alanus de Insulis, Theologicae regulae, 7 (PL, 210, 627 A-C). Cf. also I Sent., d. 37, p. 1, a. 1, q. 1, ad 3 (I, 659); M. Trin., q. 5, a. 1, ad 7-8 (V, 91); Serm. 4, Vig. nat. Dom. (IX, 94).

³⁷¹ BreviL, p. VI, c. 3, n. 1 (V, 267).

³⁷² M. Trin., q. 8, ad 7 (V, 115); cf. also Brevil., p. V, c. I, n. 6 (V, 253); Red, art., n. 7 (V, 322).

³⁷³ M. Trin., q. 8, ad 7 (V, 115).

³⁷⁴ Hexaem., I, n. 11-38 (V, 331-335); Delorme, pp. 5-18.

³⁷⁵ Ibid., n. 12-14 (V, 331-332); Delorme, pp. 5-6.

³⁷⁶ Ibid., n. 12-17 (V, 331-332); Delorme, pp. 5-7.

³⁷⁷ Ibid., n. 18-20 (V, 332-333); Delorme, pp. 7-10.

³⁷⁸ Ibid., n. 21-38 (V, 333-335); Delorme, pp. 10-18.

³⁷⁹ Ibid., n. 24 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 11.

³⁸⁰ Loc. cit.

³⁸¹ On the setting of the Itinerarium and Francis' vision, cf. above, pp. 71-77.

³⁸² Itin., prol. n. 2 (V, 295).

³⁸³ Ibid., n. 3 (V, 295); Boehner, 33.

³⁸⁴ Cf. above, pp. 85-86.

³⁸⁵ Ex. 25-26.

³⁸⁶ Itin., c. 3, n. 1 (V, 303); Boehner, 63.

³⁸⁷ Ibid., c. 6, n. 7 (V, 312); Boehner, 95; Apoc. 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.

³⁸⁸ Eliade, Images and Symbols, p. 52.

³⁸⁹ Jung, op. cit., p. 91.

³⁹⁰ Tucci, op. cit., p. viii.

³⁹¹ Ibid., p. vii.

³⁹² Jung, op. cit., p. 94.

³⁹³ Ibid., p. 41.

³⁹⁴ Jolande Jacobi, The Psychology of C. G. Jung, trans. Ralph Manheim (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964), p. 132.

³⁹⁵ Ibid., pp. 131-132.

³⁹⁶ Eliade, Images and Symbols, pp. 27-56; The Sacred and the Profane, pp. 20-65.

³⁹⁷ Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane, p. 37.

³⁹⁸ Hexaem., I, n. 22 (V, 333); Delorme, p. 10.

³⁹⁹ For numerous reproductions of the Seraph in art throughout the centuries, see Vittorino Facchinetti, Le stimmate di S. Francesco d'Assisi nel vii centenario del grande miracolo (1224-1924) (Milan: Casa Editrice S. Lega Eucaristica, 1924).

⁴⁰⁰ Leg. ma]., XIII, n. 3 (VIII, 542-543); for Bonaventure's full description of the vision, cf. above, pp. 76-77; cf. also Leg. min. (VIII, 575). Cf. Is. 6:2.

⁴⁰¹ Jung, op. cit., p. 184, n. 122.

⁴⁰² Itin, prol., n. 2 (V, 295); Boehner, 31.

⁴⁰³ Cf. references in n. 14 above.

⁴⁰⁴ Lign. vit. (VIII, 68-86).

⁴⁰⁵ Ibid., prol., n. 3 (VIII, 68-69); English translation by Jose de Vinck, The Works of Bonaventure, Vol. I: Mystical Opuscula (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1960), 98.

⁴⁰⁶ On the history of The Tree of Life in art and for reproduction of artists' conceptions of the image, cf. S. Bonaventure 1274-1974, ed. Jacques-Guy Bougerol, Vol. I: // Dot tore Serafico nelle raffigurazioni degli artisti, introduction by P. Ger-lach, text by Francesco Petrangeli Papini (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1972), 6-9, 30-43; plates 1-9, 83.

⁴⁰⁷ Cf. above, n. 52.

⁴⁰⁸ C. G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, pp. 142, 209; cf. Jolande Jacobi, op. cit., pp. 46-47, n. 2.

⁴⁰⁹ I Sent., prooem. (I, 1-14).

⁴¹⁰ Ibid, (I, 2).

⁴¹¹ Ibid., q. 1, concl. (I, 7).

⁴¹² Ibid.

⁴¹³ Brevil, prol. (V, 201-208).

⁴¹⁴ Ibid. (V, 201); English translation by Jose de Vinck, The Works of Bonaventure, Vol. II: The Breviloquium (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963), 3.

⁴¹⁵ Ibid., n. 1 (V, 203); de Vinck, 6; cf. Ez. 1:15 ff.

⁴¹⁶ Ibid., n. 6 (V, 208); de Vinck, 21.

⁴¹⁷ Ibid. (V, 202); de Vinck, 4.

⁴¹⁸ Cf. below, pp. 217-220.

⁴¹⁹ Cf. especially Bonaventure's criticism of Aristotle in Hexaem., VI, n. 1-5 (V, 360-361); Delorme, pp. 90-92.

⁴²⁰ Cf. the interpretation of this image by Alanus de Insulis in Theologicae regulae, 7 (PL 210, 627 A-C).

⁴²¹ Joseph Ratzinger, The Theology of History in St. Bonaventure, trans. Zachary Hayes (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1971), p. 110.

⁴²² Ibid., p. 141; the internal quotation is from Thomas, // Sent., d. 1, q. 1, a. 5, arg. 7; cf. also arg. 5-6.

⁴²³ Ratzinger, op. cit., p. 141.

⁴²⁴ Tucci, op. cit., pp. 108-133.

⁴²⁵ 1 tin., prol. n. 2 (V, 295).

⁴²⁶ Loc. cit.

⁴²⁷ Loc. cit.

⁴²⁸ Ibid., n. 3 (V, 295).

⁴²⁹ Loc. cit.

⁴³⁰ Cf. Ratzinger, op. cit., pp. 2-4.

⁴³¹ Cf. above, pp. 18-22.

⁴³² Cf. £tienne Gilson, The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure, trans. Dom Illtyd Tre-thowan and Frank J. Sheed (Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1965), where the difference between Thomas and Bonaventure is affirmed and Bonaventure's thought is explored for its- own merit.

⁴³³ Cf. Thomas's use of this method throughout the Summa theologiae', on his formal statement of method cf. ibid., I, 1.

⁴³⁴ Cf. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, 1, 1 and 32, 1.

⁴³⁵ Cf. Thomas's treatment of the Trinity in the Summa theologiae, I, 27-43.

⁴³⁶ Ibid.

⁴³⁷ Ibid.

⁴³⁸ Cf. the references in n. 20 to Chapter One.

⁴³⁹ Cf. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, 32, 1; Theodore de Regnon, Etudes de theologie positive sur la Sainte Trinite, Vol. II: Theories scolastiques (Paris: Retaux, 1892), 22-48; 52-53; John Bligh, "Richard of St. Victor's De Trinitate: Augus-tinian or Abelardian?" Heythrop Journal, 1 (1960), 118-139.

⁴⁴⁰ Cf. the observations of Karl R.ahner, "Remarks on the Dogmatic Treatise 'De Trinitate,' " in Theological Investigations, Vol. IV, trans. Kevin Smyth (Baltimore: Helicon Press, 1966), 77-87.

⁴⁴¹ This is true not only of neo-scholastic manuals but also of Transcendental Thomism; cf. the references in n. 51 and 52 to Chapter Eight.

⁴⁴² Augustine, De Trinitate, V-VII; cf. Harry Wolfson, The Philosophy of the Church Fathers, Vol. I (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), 350-359.

⁴⁴³ Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, 2-43.

⁴⁴⁴ Theodore de Regnon, Etudes de the'ologie positive sur la Sainte Trinite, 4 vols. (Paris, Retaux, 1892-1898).

⁴⁴⁵ Hexaem., I-XXIII (V, 329-449).

⁴⁴⁶ Dec. praec, 1267 (V, 507-532); De donis, 1268 (V, 457-503); Hexaem., 1273 (V, 329-449).

⁴⁴⁷ Hexaem., VI, 2-6 (V, 360-361).

⁴⁴⁸ Ibid., n. 2 (V, 360).

⁴⁴⁹ Ibid., n. 3-4 (V, 361).

⁴⁵⁰ Hexaem., I, 12-17 (V, 331-332).

⁴⁵¹ Hexaem., VI, n. 4 (V, 361).

⁴⁵² Bonaventure, II Sent., d. 1, p. 1, q. 2 (II, 19-25); Dec. praec, II, n. 25 (V, 514); De doms, VIII, n. 1647 (V, 497-498); Hexaem., I, 16: VI, 4 (V, 332, 361); Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I, 46; Summa contra gentiles, II, 31-38; De aeternite mundi contra murmurantes.

⁴⁵³ Cf. J. R. H. Moorman, A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1511 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), pp. 83-204; Rosalind Brooke, Early Franciscan Government: Elias to Bonaventure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959).

⁴⁵⁴ Cf. Marjorie Reeves, The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1969), pp. 59-70.

⁴⁵⁵ Ibid., pp. 45-75; 175-190.

⁴⁵⁶ Cf. ibid., pp. 16-27; for a review of scholarship on Joachim, cf. Bernard McGinn, "The Abbot and the Doctors: Scholastic Reactions to the Radical Eschatology of Joachim of Fiore," Church History, 40(1971), 30-47.

⁴⁵⁷ Joseph Ratzinger, The Theology of History in St. Bonaventure, trans. Zachary Hayes (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1971); cf. also E. Randolph Daniel, "St. Bonaventure: Defender of Franciscan Eschatology," in S. Bonaventure 1274- 1974, ed. Jacques Guy Bougerol, Vol. IV (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1974), 797-799.

⁴⁵⁸ For the writings of Nicholas of Cusa, cf. the critical texts in his Opera Omnia in the edition by the Heidelberg Academy (Leipzig-Hamburg: F. Meiner, 1932).

⁴⁵⁹ Cf. Jacques-Guy Bougerol, "S. Bonaventure et le Pseudo-Denys l'Areopagite," Actes du Colloque Saint Bonaventure, in Etudes franciscaines, 18 (Supplement an- nuel, 1968), 33-123; Francis N. Caminiti, "Nicholas of Cusa: Docta Ignorantia, a Philosophy of Infinity," unpublished doctoral dissertation (Fordham University, 1968), pp. 17-31.

⁴⁶⁰ Bonaventure, on the term docta ignorantia, cf. Brevil., p. V, c. 6, n. 8 (V, 260); on the coincidence of opposites, cf. I tin., c. 5-7 (V, 308-313); Hexaem., I (V, 329-335); cf. Caminiti, op;, cit., pp. 23-26; also by Caminiti, "Nikolaus von Kues und Bonaventura," in proceedings of Das Cusanus-Jubilaum, published in Mitteilungen und Forschungsbeitrdge der Cusanus-Gesellschaft, IV (Mainz, 1964), 129-144.

⁴⁶¹ Cf. above, pp. 18-22.

⁴⁶² Cf. Nicholas of Cusa, De docta ignorantia; cf. Caminiti, "Nicholas of Cusa: Docta Ignorantia, a Philosophy of Infinity"; Henry Bett, Nicholas of Cusa (London: Methusen, 1932), pp. 144-204; H. Lawrence Bond, "Nicholas of Cusa and the Reconstruction of Theology: the Centrality of Christology in the Coincidence of Opposites," in Contemporary Reflections on the Medieval Christian Tradition: Essays in Honor of Ray C. Petry, ed. George H. Scriver (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1974), pp. 81-94.

⁴⁶³ Cf. Nicholas of Cusa, De docta ignorantia, I-II; cf. Bett, op. cit., pp. 144-163.

⁴⁶⁴ Nicholas of Cusa, De docta ignorantia, I.

⁴⁶⁵ Ibid., iii; English translation taken from Unity and Reform: Selected Writings of Nicholas de Cusa, ed. John Patrick Dolan (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1962), p. 65.

⁴⁶⁶ Cf. Nicholas of Cusa, De sapientia and De visione Dei; cf. the treatment of the centrality of Christ in Bond, op. cit.

⁴⁶⁷ On the principle of the fecundity of primordiality, cf. / Sent., d. 2, a. un., q. 2 (I, 53-54); d. 27, q. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 471). On the principle of the self-diffusion of the good, cf. Itin., c. 6, n. 2 (V, 310-311); Dionysius, De caelesti hierarchia, 4.

⁴⁶⁸ Itin., 6, n. 2 (V, 311); cf. above, pp. 98-114.

⁴⁶⁹ Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1960), passim.

⁴⁷⁰ Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: Macmillan, 1929), pp. 519-533; Charles Hartshorne, Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism (Chicago: Willet, Clark, 1941); The Divine Relativity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948); (with William L. Reese) Philosophers Speak of God (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1953).

⁴⁷¹ 1 Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2 (I, 468-474).

⁴⁷² Itin., 6, n. 2 (V, 310-311); Hexaem., XI, n. 11-12 (V, 381-382).

⁴⁷³ Itin., c. 6, n. 2 (V, 310); Boehner, 89.

⁴⁷⁴ Lovejoy, op. cit.

⁴⁷⁵ G. W. F. Hegel, The Phenomenology of Mind, trans. J. B. Baillie (London: Allen and Unwin, 1931); Science of Logic, trans. W. H. Johnston and L. G. Struthers (2nd ed.; London: Allen and Unwin, 1951). Cf. the religious issues as presented in Emil L. Fakenheim, The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought (Blooming-ton: Indiana University Press, 1967) and the interpretation and critique of Hegel in Frederick Copleston, A History of Philosophy, Vol. VII (Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1963), 189-201.

⁴⁷⁶ Whitehead, op. cit., pp. 519-533.

⁴⁷⁷ Ibid., p. 519.

⁴⁷⁸ Ibid., p. 205.

⁴⁷⁹ Ibid., pp. 521-533.

⁴⁸⁰ Ibid., pp. 27-30; 521-526.

⁴⁸¹ Ibid., p. 248.

⁴⁸² Ibid., p. 523.

⁴⁸³ Ibid., p. 532.

⁴⁸⁴ Ibid., pp. 196, 340, 529.

⁴⁸⁵ Ibid., pp. 30-32; 528-530.

⁴⁸⁶ Ibid., p. 528.

⁴⁸⁷ Red. art., n. 20 (V, 324); Augustine, De Trinitate, VI, c. 10, n. 11.

⁴⁸⁸ Red. art. (V, 319-325).

⁴⁸⁹ Ibid., n. 2 (V, 319); Hugh of St. Victor, Didascalicon, II, c. 21.

⁴⁹⁰ Red. art., n. 20 (V, 324); Augustine, De Trinitate, VI, c. 10, n. 11.

⁴⁹¹ Whitehead, op. cit., p. 521.

⁴⁹² Lovejoy, op. cit., pp. 42-45.

⁴⁹³ Hexaem., I, n. 16 (V, 332).

⁴⁹⁴ Itin,. c. 1, n. 3 (V, 297).

⁴⁹⁵ Cf. above, pp. 114-118.

⁴⁹⁶ Hexaem., XII, n. 9 (V, 386).

⁴⁹⁷ I Sent., d. 3, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 4 (I, 72-74); Itin., c. 1-4 (V, 296-308).

⁴⁹⁸ Cf. above, pp. 114-118; John Duns Scotus, Rep. Par., 1. II, ch. 12, q. 6, n. 8 and n. 13; In Metaph., 1. VII, q. 13, n. 9 and n. 26

⁴⁹⁹ Cf. n. 4, above, and Schubert M. Ogden, The Reality of God and Other Essays (New York: Harper and Row, 1966).

⁵⁰⁰ Ibid.

⁵⁰¹ Cf. Anthony Kelly, "God: How Near a Relation?" The Thomist, 34(1970), 191-229; "Trinity and Process: Relevance of the Basic Christian Confession of God," Theological Studies, 31 (1970), 393-414; William J. Hill, "Does the World Make a Difference to God?" The Thomist, 38 (1974), 146-164; W. Norris Clarke, "A New Look at the Immutability of God," in God Knowable and Unknowable, ed. Robert J. Roth (New York: Fordham University Press, 1973), pp. 43-72. Cf. also the writings of Walter E. Stokes listed in Process Theology, ed. Ewert H. Cousins (New York: Newman Press, 1971), pp. 361-362.

⁵⁰² Whitehead, op. cit., pp. 69-70.

⁵⁰³ Cf. above, pp. 242-243.

⁵⁰⁴ Cf. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Oeuvres de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 11 vols. (Paris: Seuil, 1955-1973).

⁵⁰⁵ On Teilhard's Christology, cf. Christopher F. Mooney, Teilhard de Chardin and the Mystery of Christ (New York: Harper and Row, 1966); George A. Maloney, The Cosmic Christ: From Paul to Teilhard (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1968); Robert Hale, Christ and the Universe: Teilhard de Chardin and the Cosmos (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1972).

⁵⁰⁶ Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Hymn of the Universe, trans, by Simon Bartholomew (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), pp. 41-50.

⁵⁰⁷ Ibid., p. 48.

⁵⁰⁸ Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Divine Milieu (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), p. 123.

⁵⁰⁹ Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), pp. 291-310; Science and Christ, trans, by Rene Hague (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), pp. 53-66.

⁵¹⁰ Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, cf. especially pp. 291-310.

⁵¹¹ Cf. the proceedings of the conference published in Hope and the Future of Man, ed. Ewert H. Cousins (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1972).

⁵¹² Cf. Karl Rahner, The Trinity, trans, by Joseph Donceel (New York: Herder and Herder, 1970); Theological Investigations, Vol. IV, trans. Kevin Smyth (Baltimore: Helicon Press, 1966), 36-73; 77-102, 221-252. Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology, 3 vols. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951-1963).

⁵¹³ Cf. Karl Rahner, Spirit in the World, trans, by William Dych (New York: Herder and Herder, 1968); Theological Investigations, Vol. IV, 48-60; Paul Tillich, Theology of Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 10-29.

⁵¹⁴ Tillich, Theology of Culture, p. 13.

⁵¹⁵ Ibid., p. 22.

⁵¹⁶ A basis for such a balanced evaluation has been laid by the work of John Dourley, Paul Tillich and Bonaventure: An Evaluation of Tillich's Claim to Stand in the Augustinian-Franciscan Tradition (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975); cf. also his article "God, Life and the Trinity in the Theologies of Paul Tillich and St. Bonaventure," in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, ed. Jacques-Guy Bougerol, Vol. IV (Grottaferrata: Collegio S. Bonaventura, 1974), 271-282.

⁵¹⁷ Joseph Marechal, Le point de depart de la me'taphysique: 5 vols. (1922-1947), especially, Cahier V: Le Thomisme devant la philosophic critique (Brussels: Editions Universelles, 1949²).

⁵¹⁸ Rahner, Theological Investigations, Vol. IV, 49-50.

⁵¹⁹ Cf. above, pp. 118-126.

⁵²⁰ Marechal, op. cit.; Rahner, Spirit in the World; Bernard Lonergan, Verbum: Word and Idea in Aquinas (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1968).

⁵²¹ Cf. the work of Camille Berube in S. Bonaventura 1274-1974, Vol. Ill, 161-200, "De la th£ologie de l'image a la philosophic de l'object de l'intelligence chez saint Bonaventure"; (with Servus Gieben) Vol. II, 627-654, "Guibert de Tournai et Robert Grosseteste sources inconnues de Saint Bonaventure, suivi de l'edition critique de trois chapitres du Rudimentum Doctrinae de Guibert de Tournai." Cf. also Bernard A. Nachbahr, "Pure Reason and Practical Reason: Some Themes in Transcendental Philosophy and in St. Bonaventure, Ibid., Vol. Ill, 449-461.

⁵²² Cf. above, pp. 222-223.

⁵²³ Nicholas of Cusa, De pace fidei cum epistola ad Joannem de Segovia, ed. Raymond Klibansky and Hildebrand Bascour (Hamburg: Meiner, 1970).

⁵²⁴ 1 Sent., d. 6-7, 9, 12-13, 27, 31 (I, 123-146, 176-192, 218-241, 464-494, 529-552); Sc. Chr. (V, 3-43); Brevil, p. IV, c. 1 (V, 241-242); Itin., c. 4 (V, 306-308); Red. art. (V, 320-325); Ch. un. omn. mag. (V, 567-574); Hexaem., I, 12-17 (V, 331-332).

⁵²⁵ Clement of Alexandria, Paidagogos; Origen, In Canticum canticorum; Bonaventure, Ch. un. omn. mag. (V, 567-575); on Logos mysticism in the Origen tradition, cf. Itin., c. 4 (V, 306-308).

⁵²⁶ III Sent., d. 1-17 (III, 6-377); Brevil., p. IV (V, 241-252); Itin. (V, 296-313); Lign. vit. (VIII, 68-86); Leg. ma]. (VIII, 504-565); Leg. min. (VIII, 565-579).

⁵²⁷ III Sent., d. 18-22 (III, 377-466); Brevil., p. IV, C. 8-10 (V, 248-252); Lign. vit., n. 17-32 (VIII, 75-80).

⁵²⁸ Itin., c. 3-4, 7 (V, 303-308, 312-313).

⁵²⁹ Hexaem., 1 (V, 329-335). Cf. above, pp. 135-146.

⁵³⁰ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2 (I, 468-474); cf. I Sent., d. 11, a. un., q. 2 (I, 214-216); Brevil., p. I, c. 2-3 (V, 210-212); M. Trin., q. 8 (V, 112-115); cf. especially M. Trin., q. 8, ad 7 (V, 115). Cf. above, pp. 52-59, 101-118.

⁵³¹ III Sent., d. 13-14 (III, 274-326); Brevil., p. IV, c. 5-7 (V, 245-248); Apol. paup. (V, 233-330).

⁵³² Itin., c. 6, n. 5-7 (V, 311-312).

⁵³³ Hexaem., I, 12-17 (V, 331-332); M. Trin., q. 8 ad 7 (V, 115); Itin., c. 1-3 (V, 296-306); Red. art. (V, 319-325). Cf. above, pp. 56-59, 81-84, 242-244.

⁵³⁴ Robley Whitson, The Coming Convergence of World Religions (New York: Newman Press, 1971), pp. 147-165.

⁵³⁵ M. Trin., q. 1, a. 2, concl. (V, 54); Whitson, op. cit., p. 152.

⁵³⁶ lbid. (V, 55); Whitson, op. cit., p. 153.

⁵³⁷ Raymond Panikkar, The Trinity and the Religious Experience of Man (New York: Orbis Books, 1973); cf. the earlier versions of this work: The Trinity and World Religions (Madras: The Christian Literature Society, 1970) and "Towards an Ecumenical Theandric Spirituality," Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 5 (1968), 507-534.

⁵³⁸ Panikkar, The Trinity and the Religious Experience of Man, p. 45.

⁵³⁹ Ewert H. Cousins, "The Trinity and World Religions," Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 7 (1960), 476-498.

⁵⁴⁰ Ibid., 492-498.

⁵⁴¹ I Sent., d. 27, p. 1, a. un., q. 2, ad 3 (I, 470-472).

⁵⁴² Cf. above, pp. 107-110.

⁵⁴³ Cf. ibid.

⁵⁴⁴ Itin., c. 7, n. 5 (V, 313); Dionysius, De mystica theologia, I, 1.

⁵⁴⁵ Ibid., c. 7, n. 6 (V, 313); Boehner, p. 101; Jn. 13:1, 14:8.

⁵⁴⁶ Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1958), pp. 367-387; C. G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, Vol. XII The Collected Works, trans. R. F. C. Hull (New York: Pantheon Books, 1953), pp. 91-213; Giuseppe Tucci, The Theory and Practice of the Mandala, trans. Alan Houghton Brodrick (London: Rider, 1961).

⁵⁴⁷ Cf. above, pp. 172-197.

⁵⁴⁸ R. C. Zaehner, Christianity and Other Religions, Vol. CXLVI of The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism (New York: Hawthorn, 1964).